About Abigailrs Behavior In The Crucible - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 635 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? Although Abigail is somewhat responsible for her actions and the deaths of many innocent Puritans, there are several outside factors that influenced her behavior. One outside factor that influenced Abigailrs behavior was her relationship with John Proctor. Abigail thought that John Proctor was in love with her even though he wasnt. In Act II, Elizabeth tells John, There is a promise made in any bed spoke or silent, a promise is surely made (Elizabeth 64). Elizabeth is trying to tell John that even though it was a one night stand for him, it was meaningful to Abigail. Johnrs rejection caused Abigail to be heartbroken. This led to Abigail performing witchcraft in the woods with Tituba and a group of girls to form a love potion. Abigail was desperate to get John back and make him feel the same way as she did. Even after the affair was over, John continued to see Abigail and give her false hope that one day they might be together. When he sees her in Salem, he tells her that he still thinks about her softly from time to time, but he will never be committed to her. Abigail might think of this as a challenge and still has hope for them to be toget her one day. If John Proctor would not have committed adultery with Abigail, she would have never acted the way she did. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About Abigailrs Behavior In The Crucible" essay for you Create order Another reason for Abigail to feel hatred toward Salem is her childhood; shers never had anyone to care for her or show her love. When Abigail was a child she witnessed the murder of both of her parents. Indians broke into her home while they were sleeping and slaughtered everyone she loved. After this happened, Abigail was forced to move into her Uncle, Reverend Parris house. Parris is hooked on his reputation in Salem and trying to hold onto his power, so he never pays much attention to Abigail or his own daughter, Betty. This causes Abigail and the group of girls to rebel and seek attention throughout Salem. If Abigail would have been loved, or cared for, or paid more attention to, she would not have rebelled. She would have been happier with her life and maybe handled the rejection from John in a healthier way. When he rejects her, it triggers her even more because it is just one more person that doesnt love her, nor care for her. Lastly, Abigailrs behavior was influenced by her society. In Salem, women didnt have much freedom, nor was their voice heard over a manrs. Men held all the power, while women were viewed as weak. For example, when John Proctor takes Mary Warren and forces her to confess, he tells the court that Abigail committed lechery. When this was spoken, all faces turned toward Abigail like she was the criminal. Not one of them turned their head toward John Proctor, the one who was married with three kids and a baby on the way. Danforth even says, Good then, if she tells me, child that it be harlotry, may God spread his mercy on you (Danforth 117). In this society, it is clear why a woman would not ever want to tell the truth when all the blame will lead back to her. Although Abigail made some poor choices, it was not all her fault. There were several outside forces that led to her actions. More responsibility should have been put on John Proctor; he gave her false hope and misled her in the wrong direction. Parris should also be more to blame for her actions because as a family member, he should have loved and cared for her more than worrying about his own reputation. And family, had Abigail lived in a more equal society, she may not been heartbroken or careless about her actions.

Literary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams

The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and young woman with gentleman callers and being the center of attention; her reality though, was a much more dismal existence with a son who worked at a factory making little money at a job he despised and a daughter that was as emotionally and physically†¦show more content†¦Tom had a double role in the play as both the narrator and a main character that lived through a recollection of what life was like living with his mother and sister before he abandoned them to seek adventure. Tom ’s behavior in the play could lead to question if his memory is truly accurate. SparkNotes comments, â€Å"†¦But at the same time, he demonstrates real and sometimes juvenile emotions as he takes part in the play’s action. This duality can frustrate our understanding of Tom, as it is hard to decide whether he is a character whose assessments should be trusted or one who allows his emotions to affect his judgment† (SparkNotes.com). Through his behavior a person is reminded that memory can be flawed by emotions or time elapsing, this would need to be taken into account when analysis of such a character is done. Tom is full of contradictions as he reads literature, writes poetry, and dreams of an escape; however he also felt bound by duty to his sister and mother. Another contradiction was that while he professed to care about his sister as seen in his ending comments in the play, â€Å"†¦I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be!...† (Williams), Tom never went back to reconnect with his sister. This could be because of the great shame he felt for abandoning his sister or because of another reason. He stated that he had been in several cities over the years but never speaks of going back to St. Louis, making it unclear if he

Dwight D. Eisenhower Research Paper Free Essays

string(47) " Eisenhower and his vice president, Richard M\." Rainey Hampton December 2011 3:A Speech World War Two Speech There must be no second-class citizens in this country. – President Dwight D. Eisenhower. We will write a custom essay sample on Dwight D. Eisenhower Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dwight D. Eisenhower, General of the Army and the 34th President of the United States, was not only a remarkable soldier, but also a great leader. Bringing to his presidency his reputation as a commanding general of the successful troops in Europe during World War II, Eisenhower secured a truce in Korea and worked endlessly during his two terms to ease the tensions of the Cold War. Eisenhower’s â€Å"Modern Republicanism† brought a sense of security and honor to an uncertain America Was said of him by US History. Com Early years Dwight David Eisenhower was born on October 14th, 1890, in a house in Denison, Texas. His ancestors had emigrated from Germany to Pennsylvania early in the 18th century. After a short stay in Texas, the family moved to Abilene, Kansas. His father, David, worked as a mechanic in a local creamery. His mother, Ida, a Mennonite, was a pacifist (didn’t believe in violence and war ). Eisenhower was a very respectful child he did chores around the house, had a love for hunting and fishing, but also enjoying baseball and football — becoming a star athlete. He had minimal interest in school subjects, but eagerly read military history. Eisenhower graduated from Abilene High School in 1909. After two years of working odd jobs, he was appointed to the Naval Academy at Annapolis, but was too old for admittance. However, in 1910, he received an appointment to West Point. West Point Although Eisenhower had no preliminary ambitions to become a soldier, he entered West Point — attracted by a free higher education — and passed the entrance exams in 1911. Eisenhower was an average student at the academy, but later surprised the military community with exceptional ability. At one point, he nearly had to retire his studies because of a sports injury. Ranking 61st out of 164 in his class, Eisenhower graduated in 1915. World War I While stationed at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, Eisenhower met his beloved and future first lady, Mamie Geneva Doud, whom he married in Denver, Colorado, on July 1, 1916. The couple had two sons: Doud Dwight Eisenhower, who died in infancy from scarlet fever, and John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower. Eisenhower was promoted to captain in 1917 when America entered World War I. Just two years into his army career, he had already been seen by his superiors as a young officer with excellent organizational skills. For this reason, Eisenhower was not sent over seas but sent to Camp Colt,Gettysburg. At the camp, one of America’s first tank units was being formed, and it was Eisenhower’s job to train the men. His leadership skills became obvious, and even though Eisenhower had not seen combat yet, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. Further education Eisenhower would continue his participation with tanks. He met Colonel George S. Patton, future tank general, at Camp Meade in Maryland. Eisenhower was assigned to the Panama Canal Zone in 1922, where Brigadier General Fox Connor swiftly became his mentor. With large military-history expertise, General Connor taught Eisenhower strategy and tactics from his own experiences, as well as other political and military encounters. In accordance with Connor, young Eisenhower was stationed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where he attended the Command and General Staff School – a training ground for promising leaders. While there, Eisenhower received the honor of best student out of a class of 300 in 1926. By 1928, Eisenhower had also graduated first in his class at the Army War College. The 38-year-old major was building an extraordinary resume, and high-ranking officials began to take notice. General Douglas MacArthur, army chief of staff, quickly sought out Major Eisenhower. By 1932, Eisenhower, stationed as an aide to MacArthur, began the tedious task of building and training a Philippines army in Manila. Eisenhower continued his call of duty with MacArthur’s Army in the Philippines for seven years. In 1939, Lieutenant Colonel Eisenhower returned home. A relatively small American army in proportion to the size of the nation existed in 1939. That would change with World War II. World War II9 With the threat of a second world war on the brink of unfolding, senior officers skilled in organization were on high demand — and Eisenhower’s organizational skills were his strong suit. In 1941, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. After the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, General George C. Marshall, the army’s chief of staff, put Eisenhower in charge of the War Plans Division based in Washington, D. C. In 1942, General Marshall placed him in command of the invasion of North Africa. In 1944, he was made Supreme Allied Commander for the invasion of Normandy on D-Day and gave this famous message. The meticulous planning Eisenhower had been responsible for overseeing, paid off. Compared to the numbers involved, few Allied troops were killed on D-Day, the exception being the casualties at bloody Omaha Beach, one of the landing zones. From Normandy in northern France, the Allies pushed out and Paris was freed in August. On December 15th, 1944, in recognition of the work he had done, Eisenhower was promoted to the highest rank in the American army — General of the Army. A five-star rank that was retired after World War II. Just a few days later, Eisenhower had to put up defenses against the Germans’ surprise counterattack in the Ardennes — the Battle of the Bulge. The Germans finally surrendered on May 7th, 1945. After the war, Eisenhower served as U. S. Army Chief of Staff. In 1948, he retired from the army, later becoming president of Columbia University, and then head of NATO in 1950. President of the United States Eisenhower was a popular president throughout his two terms in office. With a campaign slogan that couldn’t miss, â€Å"I like Ike,† Eisenhower and his vice president, Richard M. You read "Dwight D. Eisenhower Research Paper" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" Nixon, posted landslide victories in both 1952 and 1956. His moderate Republican policies helped him secure many victories in Congress, where Democrats held the majority during six of the eight years that Eisenhower was in the White House. Eisenhower helped to strengthen such established programs as Social Security and launch important new ones, such as the Interstate Highway System in 1956, which became the single largest public works program in U. S. history. In domestic policy the president pursued a middle course, continuing most of the New Deal and Fair Deal programs, and emphasizing a balanced budget. There were problems and failures as well as achievements. Although he signed civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960, Eisenhower disliked having to deal with racial issues. He never endorsed the Supreme Court’s ruling in 1954, Brown v. Board of Education (Kansas), that racially segregated schools were unconstitutional, and he failed to use his moral authority as president to urge speedy compliance with the court’s decision. In 1957, he did send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, when mobs tried to block the desegregation of Central High School, but he did so because he had a constitutional obligation to uphold the law, not necessarily because he supported integration. Eisenhower also refrained from publicly criticizing Senator Joseph McCarthy, who used his powers to abuse the civil liberties of dozens of citizens whom he accused of anti-American activities. Eisenhower privately despised McCarthy, and he worked behind the scenes with congressional leaders to erode McCarthy’s influence. Eisenhower’s indirect tactics eventually worked, but they also prolonged the senator’s power, since many people concluded that even the president was unwilling to confront McCarthy. In September 1955, Eisenhower suffered a heart attack in Denver, Colorado. After seven weeks he left the hospital, and in February 1956 doctors reported his recovery. In November he was elected for his second term. Cold War Six months after he became president, Eisenhower secured an agreement that ended three years of fighting in Korea. On only one other occasion, in Lebanon in 1958, did Eisenhower send combat troops into action. However, defense spending remained high as Eisenhower vigorously waged the Cold War, the acute ideological, political, military and economic contest between Communist countries and the West, just short of hot war. He placed new emphasis on nuclear strength — popularly known as â€Å"massive retaliation† — to prevent the outbreak of world war. Eisenhower also frequently authorized the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-Communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in 1958 when it intervened in Indonesia. Eisenhower avoided war in Indochina in 1954 when he did not authorize an air strike to rescue French troops at the crucial Battle of Dien Bien Phu. After the French granted independence to the nations of Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam), Eisenhower employed U. S. power and prestige to help create a non-Communist government in South Vietnam, an action that would exert disastrous long-term consequences. The death of Joseph Stalin (1953), during Eisenhower’s first term in office, caused shifts in relations with Russia. Eisenhower â€Å"waged peace,† hoping to improve U. S. Soviet relations. His attempts made it possible for future negotiations on a treaty that would ban nuclear testing in the air and seas. Unfortunately, the Soviet downing of a U. S. reconnaissance plane — the U-2 spy plane incident of May 1, 1960 — ended any prospect of a treaty before Eisenhower left office. Later years Throughout and beyond his term as president, Eisenhower followed his mother’s heart and concentrated on maintaining world peace. He watched in delight the development of his â€Å"atoms for peace† program — loans of American uranium to â€Å"have-not† nations for peaceful purposes. In a speech of less than 10 minutes, on January 17, 1961, President Dwight Eisenhower delivered his political farewell to the American people on national television from the Oval Office of the White House. Before he left office for his Gettysburg farm , emphasized the necessity of maintaining adequate military strength, but cautioned: In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together. He concluded with a prayer for peace â€Å"in the goodness of time. † Both themes remain timeless and urgent more than 40 years after his departure from this world on March 28, 1969, following a long battle with coronary heart disease. Mamie Eisenhower continued to live on the farm, devoting more time to family and friends, then died on November 1, 1979. Her remains are buried beside those of her husband and first child in a small chapel, on the grounds of the Eisenhower Library in Abilene, Kansas. Regarding Atoms for PeaceThe United States would seek more than the mere reduction or elimination of atomic materials for military purposes. It is not enough to take this weapon out of the hands of the soldiers. It must be put into the hands of those who will know how to strip its military casing and adapt it to the arts of peace. Quotes regarding Dwight D. Eisenhower. By George S. Patton Jr. Of all the many talks I had in Washington, none gave me such pleasure as that with you. There were two reasons for this. In the first place, you are about my oldest friend. In the second place, your self-assurance and to me, at least, demonstrated ability, give me a great feeling of confidence about the future †¦ and I have the utmost confidence that through your efforts we will eventually beat the hell out of those bastards — â€Å"You name them; I’ll shoot them!   Letter to Eisenhower in 1942 By Norman RockwellEisenhower had about the most expressive face I ever painted, I guess. Just like an actor’s. Very mobile. When he talked, he used all the facial muscles. And he had a great, wide mouth that I liked. When he smiled, it was just like the sun came out. Order of the Day: 6 June 1944SUPREME HEADQUARTERSALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force ! You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world. Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle hardened. He will fight savagely. But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage and devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory! Good luck! And let us beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking. SIGNED: Dwight D. Eisenhower How to cite Dwight D. Eisenhower Research Paper, Essays

Nursing Quality Assurance free essay sample

Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in Healthcare Facilities Infection control is one of the things we as nurses and nursing students have a commitment to take every possible step to ensure. Infection control includes all things that are avoidable and by practicing by the ANA Code of Ethics and QSEN Competencies we can ensure that patients get best possible care they deserve. It is important that all people involved in the care of patients in a health-care facility take all the necessary steps and precautions to avoid spreading germs that can cause infections. It is essential that the policies put in place to control these problems are followed by every member of the collaborative team. According to the QSEN Competencies every person involved in the care of a patient should â€Å"Function competently within own scope of practice as a member of the health care team†. (QSEN, 2010) This includes nurses, doctors, social workers, janitorial services and dietary aids, to name a few. Each person working in a health-care facility plays an important particular role in the care of the patients. It is necessary to explore this issue because patient safety is a priority. It is important that everyone abide by the facility policies to decrease risk of transmission of infectious organism to patients, increase awareness to risk of transmission of MRSA and keep the patients and healthcare workers safe. One thing that has been difficult to control in hospitals is the spread of MRSA. MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) is a bacterial infection which is easily spread that can be highly resistant to antibiotics. There are two ways that one could acquire a MRSA infection. Community-associated MRSA infections can occur in healthy people living in the community who have not recently been in the hospital. MRSA is spread through direct contact with the infected person or items used by that person. People in close proximity or who share personal items or athletic equipment are at an increased risk of acquiring a MRSA infection. Another way that MRSA can be spread which is much more prevalent is through a hospital. Healthcare-associated MRSA infections occur in people who have recently been admitted to the hospital or other health-care facility. People who have been hospitalized or had surgery at an increased risk of contracting a MRSA infection. According to Fairclough (2006), â€Å"MRSA accounts for one-fifth of hospital acquired infections†(p. 73 ). The incidence of contracting a MRSA infection can be fairly minor to very serious. The prognosis of a patient who acquires a MRSA infection depends solely on the severity of the infection and the person’s overall health. Reducing risk of MRSA transmission can be extremely effective if all members of the collaborative team follow all necessary measures to eradicate MRSA. Attempts to control the spread of MRSA rely on several factors: detecting and isolating infected or colonized patients, rational antibiotic prescribing, hand hygiene and cleanliness. † (Fairclough, 2006) â€Å"Infection control is at the heart of quality clinical care. Clinical governance provides the framework to demonstrate the value of infection control to all healthcare workers. † (Bissett, 2005, p. 386) Of the many steps necessary to reduce the risk of spreading MRSA infections the first step is screening of all patients to be admitted to the facility. This has become controversial as it is costly to test all patients for possible MRSA infections but it is necessary if the goal is to eliminate transmission of MRSA from patient to patient. â€Å"Nosacomial transmission of MRSA is so widespread that screening programmes have been implemented to control the spread of MRSA in the hospital environment. † (Banning, 2005, p. 548) If healthcare facilities are able to properly identify the patients whom are infected with MRSA then they will be able to successfully carry out policies to protect others, especially those who are at high risk for infection. Once the patients with MRSA have been identified then the precautions protocols can be determined. According to Bissett (2005) the most effective type of precaution for MRSA patients is isolation of the source. (p. 389) Patients should be placed in single rooms and have certain medical equipment dedicated to them. Healthcare workers should use contact precautions and person protective equipment. All persons entering the room of a patient with MRSA should be wearing gloves and a gown. It is important that are healthcare workers understand and are in compliance with infection control measures. Bissett (2005) stated the following: Although MRSA can be transferred by patient to patient contact and air-borne transmission, it usually occurs via the hands of healthcare workers. It should not be forgotten that the need for environmental cleanliness. compliance with standard infection control precautions, including risk assessment of tasks to ensure the appropriate use of gloves and efficient hand hygiene, are of equal importance as isolation and cohort nursing. It is, therefore, important that all staff are updated annually on standard infection control precautions and that hand hygiene is kept high on the agenda of all staff members. p. 389) This is a clear explanation of the QSEN Competency â€Å"Value the need for continuous improvement in clinical practice based on new knowledge†. (QSEN, 2010) All healthcare professionals should be updated on current infection protocols and should use evidence-based practices to develop their scope of practice. â€Å"Healthcare providers and patients need to be educated about MRSA skin infections and preventative measures. Standard precautions should always be utilized: hand washing, using gloves, and decontaminating linens and surfaces. † (Romero, Treston, O’Sullivan, 2006, p. 22. The final and arguably most important step healthcare professionals need to take to reduce the risk of MRSA transmission is proper hand hygiene. Hand washing should be done before and after coming in contact with all patients. An antimicrobial hand wash should be used when coming in contact with a patient with MRSA. Proper hand hygiene is the most effective way to reduce the risk of transmission of any type of infection to patients or the healthcare workers themselves. Although the main goal is to keep patients safe and free of hospital acquired infections, the hospital can also be held accountable for improper infection control. Reimbursement for treating nonsurgical hospital-acquired infections is being eliminated because it is believed that the use of evidence-based practice can reduce these infections. Hospitals are also required to report any incidences of hospital-acquired infections. â€Å"At present if a patient contracts MRSA, the hospital has a mandatory requirement to notify the HPA (by recording it on a website) and the incident will be recorded on the statistics. The idea, of course, is for the statistics to reflect any increase or decrease in the incidence of these superbugs. The HPA figures have been referred to extensively in the press, sometimes with rejoicing in the decrease in MRSA. † (Rawson, 2008, p. 72)If the infection control protocols at the facility are followed properly, the risk of transmitting MRSA from patient to patient can be drastically reduced. â€Å"The decrease in MRSA does, however, suggest that obliging hospitals to report cases of MRSA to the HPA plays a role in reducing the incidence. † (Rawson, 2008, p. 73) As for continued research on MRSA prevention, it is important to focus on effectiveness of interventions already in place and readjustment as necessary. Using gowns and gloves for all MRSA contact precaution rooms may be the protocol, but protocols are not always followed. More research needs to be conducted on the compliance of these standard precautions. Decreasing the risk of infection transmission is only effective if all members of the healthcare system collaborate and follow the protocol together. Infection control and patient safety are primary goals for each patient in a healthcare facility. It should be acknowledged that acquiring a healthcare-associated infection such as MRSA can be regarded as an indicator of the quality of care at that facility. That is a chance any patient should not have to take. Research Log Duncan, C. P. , Dealey, C. , (2007) Hand hygiene. Patient’s feelings about hand washing, MRSA status and patient information. British Journal of Nursing, 16(1), 34-38 I did not use this article, although it was very interesting, it wasn’t as closely related to my topic as the others. Leifer, D. , (2005) MRSA hotspots. Nursing Standard. 19(52) 7-13. This was an interesting article on regions which have a higher prevalence of MRSA. It was shocking, but I decided not to use the article because the statistics on areas with high MRSA incidence were Europe based. Thomas, R. P. , Raymond, M. K. , (2009) Dishing the dirt on MRSA. RN 72(6) 16-23 This was a good article but seemed to focus more on patient education, information and signs and symptoms rather than a focus on the healthcare system. References Banning, M. , (2005) Infection control nursing. Transmission and epidemiology of MRSA: current perspectives. British Journal of Nursing, 14(10), 548-551. Bissett, L. , (2005) Infection control. Controlling the risk of MRSA infection: screening and isolating patients. British Journal of Nursing, 14(7), 386-390. Fairclough, S. J. , (2006) Infection control. Why tackling MRSA needs a comprehensive approach. British Journal of Nursing, 15(2), 72-75. Rawson, E. , (2008) The tip of the superbug iceberg. Clinical Risk. 14(2), 72-76. Romero, D. V. , Treston, J. , O’Sullivan, A. L. , (2006) Hand to hand combat: Preventing MRSA†¦methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Nurse Practitioner. 31(3) 16-18, 21-25. QSEN. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses. (2010) Retrieved from: http://www. qsen. org/competencies. php

Alexander the Great essay free essay sample

Alexander the Great Alexander III is well known as the Great for the battles he won and the territory he conquered. During his childhood he was commanding armies, winning battles and learning from the Greek philosopher Aristotle. His father, Phillip II, began the conquest of the Persian Empire but died before he could complete it. Alexander was placed in power in 336 B. C. E. and amassed one of the greatest empires in the middle ages. Upon his demise, Alexander’s empire would crumble under the pressures of internal fighting and disagreements of his policies. In the following text you will learn a more in depth view of his childhood, his conquests, his legacy and why he is considered one of the greatest military geniuses of all time. (Walbank) Alexander was born in 356 B. C. E. to Phillip II and Olympias in Macedonian. At the age of 13 his father hired Aristotle to educate Alexander in science, philosophy, and literature (Walbank). We will write a custom essay sample on Alexander the Great essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 340, when Philip assembled a large Macedonian army and invaded Thrace, he left his 16 year old son with the power to rule Macedonia in his absence as regent, which shows that even at such young age Alexander was recognized as quite capable. But as the Macedonian army advanced deep into Thrace, the Thracian tribe of Maedi bordering north-eastern Macedonia rebelled and posed a danger to the country. Alexander assembled an army, led it against the rebels, and with swift action defeated the Maedi, captured their stronghold, and renamed it after himself to Alexandropolis (Alexander the Great Alexander of Macedon Biography, 2001-2003 ). With this victory Alexander was promoted to a general in his father’s army, where he was able to defeat the Greek forces and his bravery was said to have won the battle (Alexander the Great Alexander of Macedon Biography, 2001-2003 ). After the war his father and mother were divorced and his father married Cleopatra. Alexander took his mother and fled from Macedonia to Epirus, due to a disagreement between Alexander and Phillip II (Walbank). Alexander was allowed to return to Macedonia to take his place in the Macedonian court. After Alexander’s father was assassinated he quickly took control of the Macedonian empire and quelled a Greek rebellion. At this time he turned his attention to conquering the Persian Empire to complete his father’s dream. In 334B. C. E. Alexander began his push into Asia Minor with an army of 37,000 men (Duiker Spielvogel, 2009). The first battle was fought at the river Granicus were the Persian forces numbered 20,000 Persians and 20,000 Greeks. The Persian forces were trying to bait Alexander into crossing the river and entering into a trap. The Persian lines were broken and they fled, and Greek army stood their ground but later was massacred. During this battle 18,000 Greeks that fought for the Persians were killed and 2,000 were taken back as slaves to Macedonia (Alexander the Great Alexander of Macedon Biography, 2001-2003 ). After the victory at Granicus Alexander was in control of half of Asia Minor, and he was to meet the Persian King Darius III at the Battle of Issus. The battle was won by the Macedonian Army even though they were outnumbered. After defeating the Persian Army at the Battle of Issus, Alexander moved south and conquered modern day Syria, Palestine and Egypt. In 331 B. C. E Alexander won a decisive battle at Gaugamela which allowed him to enter into Babylon and proceed to the Persian capitols at Susa and Persepolis. He was able to take control of the riches of the Persian Empire. Darius III was assassinated by a Persian soldier, which allowed Alexander to take the title and office of the Great King of the Persians. Alexander then pushed into India fighting numerous battles and extending his empire. While continuing to push across India Alexander’s troops began to resist, mutinied and refused to go on. Alexander returned to Babylon only after losing thousands of troops in the arid desserts of South Persia. Until his death in 323 B. C. E. Alexander was still planning on conquering all of Asia Minor (Duiker Spielvogel, 2009). Alexander’s reign over the Macedonian Empire has long lasting effects over the Arab and Asian countries and cultures. In some circles he was known as a great general and in other circles he is known as a tyrant or a barbarian. With numerous battles won there is evidence of that he was a master of the art of war. He also attempted to breed Macedonians and Persians to create a society loyal to him only. There were some experiments that Alexander attempted that were abolished at the moment of his death and this could be an example of the tyrant. One of his legacies continues today in the city of Alexandria. His conquering of the Persian Empire allowed Greek and Macedonian architecture, literature, art and Greek language to become part of the Asian culture. During this time it was known as the Hellenistic Period which means â€Å"to imitate Greeks†. With Alexander being of Macedonian decent he was able to combine different cultures which still affect the world today (Duiker Spielvogel, 2009) (Alexander the Great Alexander of Macedon Biography, 2001-2003 ). Alexander the Great has been depicted as one of the greatest artisans of war that ever took a battle field. He was the ruler of one of the largest dynasties of all time and yet let greed ruin everything. He command respect from his subjects and killed those who refused. He was educated by Aristotle as a teenager, which shows that he was able to embrace other customs and attempt to expand on them. Many of the actual depictions of the events of his life are unknown, but there is one thing for sure, out of the early dynasties there is only one that ends with the great and it is Alexander’s. Even though his dynasty was strong in life it crumbled in death.

How Do Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Sleep

How Do Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Sleep Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) are voluntary breathers, meaning they think about every breath they take. A whale breathes through the blowhole on top of its head, so it needs to come up to the water surface to breathe. But that means the whale needs to be awake to breathe. How does a whale get any rest? The Surprising Way a Whale Sleeps The way a cetacean sleeps is surprising. When a human sleeps, all of his brain is engaged in being asleep. Quite unlike humans, whales sleep  by resting one half of their brain at a time. While one half of the brain stays awake to make sure the whale breathes and alerts the whale to any danger in its environment, the other half of the brain sleeps. This is called unihemispheric slow-wave sleep. Humans are involuntary breathers, meaning they breathe without thinking about it and have a breathing reflex that kicks into gear when they are sleeping or are knocked unconscious. You cant forget to breathe, and you dont stop breathing when you are asleep. This pattern also allows whales to keep moving while sleeping, maintaining position in relation to others in their pod and staying aware of predators such as sharks. The movement may also help them maintain their body temperature. Whales are mammals, and they regulate their body temperature to keep it in a narrow range. In water, a body loses heat 90 times as much as it does in air. Muscular activity helps keep the body warm. If a whale stops swimming, it may lose heat too fast. Do Whales Have Dreams When They Sleep? Whale sleep is complex and still being studied. One interesting finding, or lack thereof, is that whales do not appear to have REM (rapid eye movement) sleep that is characteristic of humans. This is the stage in which most of our dreaming occurs. Does that mean that whales dont have dreams? Researchers dont yet know the answer to that question. Some cetaceans sleep with one eye open as well, changing to the other eye when the brain hemispheres change their activation during sleep. Where Do Whales Sleep? Where cetaceans sleep differs among species. Some rest on the surface, some are constantly swimming, and some even rest far below the water surface. For example, captive dolphins have been known to rest at the bottom of their pool for a few minutes at a time. Large baleen whales, such as humpback whales, can be seen resting on the surface for half an hour at a time. These whales take slow breaths that are less frequent than a whale thats active. They are so relatively motionless on the surface that this behavior is referred to as logging because they look like giant logs floating on the water. However, they cant rest for too long at a time, or they may lose too much body heat while inactive. Sources: Lyamin, O.I., Manger, P.R., Ridgway, S.H., Mukhametov, L.M., and J.M. Siegal. 2008. Cetacean Sleep: An Unusual Form of Mammalian Sleep. (Online). Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 32:1451–1484.Mead, J.G. and J.P. Gold. 2002. Whales and Dolphins in Question. Smithsonian Institution.Ward, N. 1997. Do Whales Ever...? Down East Books.

Consider the following scenario Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Consider the following scenario - Research Paper Example The distinctive ledgers which ledgers used within inventory recording system include Raw Materials, Work in Process and Finished goods accounts. Differences between the two costing techniques arise as costs are added up with respect to their jobs in job order costing system while in process costing system; these costs are pooled in with respect to a department’s cost incurred with respect to a specified time period. Further differences between the two costing system occur because of the nature and types of production methods employed to manufacture goods. Process costing system is used in production organizations which tend to have similar ongoing procedures to manufacture their goods while job order costing is used in companies which tend to produce special or customized goods in batches. Since our company would be producing a single version of a product, a process costing system would be best suited to analyze the costs of the product. This system would also be carried out in future as well if the production is carried out in large quantities of identical pattern in an ongoing flow. Job order costing would only be employed if the company produces tailor-made products for their customer or it manufactures standard products in batches (Lucey,

Safety and Security in the Gas and Oilfield Industry Research Paper

Safety and Security in the Gas and Oilfield Industry - Research Paper Example To reckon, there were a hundred of foreign hostages at Nigeria working for an oil company in its four rigs when labor disputes heightened in a May 2003 election. The war between Israelites and Palestine, albeit dealt for peaceful negotiation by the United Nations have also security implications for multinational oil companies operating in the region. In some regions inhabited by rebel and extremist groups, oil and gas companies are the target of terroristic attacks and exaction of money by rebel groups with the aim of weakening its operation. Trim and Caravelli (2009) explained that strategizing for security management will help develop resiliency and reduce vulnerabilities in gas and oil industry. This can be undertaken by developing a blueprint of national and corporate security, intelligence effort, and disaster/emergency planning enforcement. Trim and Caravelli (2009) professed that there are wide range of perspectives, disciplines, and mechanism that can be optimized by security managers but these certainly require human resources composed of security and intelligence experts, law enforcers, disaster and emergency managers, good relation with policymakers, networking with police and military enforcers, and good correlation with civil society and the academe. The strategy will also include counter-terrorism strategies and hence require national security strategists, security management reform and comprehensive security evaluation and planning which is also attuned to disaster and emergency management policies and practices (Trim and Caravelli, 2009). It is presupposed that oil and gas development is a major contribution to the economic boom in a country. Oil and gas companies must partner with a domestic government for disarmament and demobilization in the country where there are active extremist and rebel groups fighting against the government (Trim and Caravelli, 2009).

Nursing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Research - Essay Example Critiquing a research work, therefore, involves a careful examination of all aspects of the study, to assess its strength, limitations, meanings and relevance, in a bid to gain adequate up to date knowledge, improve practice and provide essential data necessary for further studies (Hek, 1996; Burns and Grove, 1999). 1. Problem Statement: The study was conducted to evaluate patients' satisfaction with two different routes of follow-up monitoring care for patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis - Primary care settings involving a General Practitioner and/or practice nurse, and Secondary care settings involving a specialist team within hospitals and including case management by a Rheumatology Nurse Specialist (RNS). This research problem is of great importance to the nursing profession, as it evaluates patients' satisfaction to specialized nursing service delivery. 2. Study Purpose: The purpose of the research was to compare Rheumatoid Arthritis patients' satisfaction with a General Practitioner led primary care and a Rheumatology Nurse Specialist (RNS) led secondary care settings. ... it can be inferred from the study aim that the research question would be something like: Are patients more satisfied with primary care or secondary care settings for follow-up care and monitoring 4. Hypothesis/Hypotheses: Hypothesis is a statement, which predicts the performance of a verifiable occurrence in certain conditions, based upon theoretical considerations (Stevens et al, 1993).The hypothesis of this research was not stated, also; however, the main hypothesis the research appear to be testing was: Rheumatoid Arthritis patients undertaking disease modifying antirheumatic therapy (DMARDS) are more satisfied with follow up monitoring and care provided by specialized nurse-led secondary care settings. 5. Study Variables: The two main variables of the research, as identified by the researchers are: primary and secondary monitoring of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis undertaking DMARDS. 6. Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework: This study was guided theoretically by the former exploratory study carried out by the same authors, which indicated factors such as attitude and empathy, information provision, continuity of care etc influenced patients' satisfaction with care received. The present study sought to explore these qualities within the context of primary and secondary care. 7. Review of Related Literature: According to Massey (1995), the essence of a literature review is to analyze what has been said so far and thus demonstrate what is known about a research problem, and, in the process establish the need for the current study. The authors of this study contend that there was a lack of adequate literatures that relates to the satisfaction of rheumatology patients with monitoring follow-up. They identified and reviewed only three articles. However, one can argue

Stress And Pain In Labour Health And Social Care Essay

Stress And Pain In Labour Health And Social Care Essay Labour is a series of events that takes place in the genital organs in an effort to expel the viable products of conception through the vagina in to outer world. During labour, the women experience some degree of stress, discomfort and severe pain as her system responds to the effects of physical changes that prepare her to give birth. Labour process is a actual phenomenon. During the labour period mother have stress, anxiety, discomfort and severe pain. A scientific definition of pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The investigator had seen several primigravida mothers during first stage of labour with severe pain and discomfort. During the clinical experience. So that minimizing maternal discomfort and severe pain perception poor outcome of labour. And promoting the maternal comfort the nurse can help the mother to get relief from pain and suffering. The nursing management with ambulation has significant effect on improve maternal comfort, outcome of labour and reduce pain perception which helps to promote the comfort of the mother and its use is simple and has an significant therapeutic care. The main study was conducted at Maternal and child healthy GOSHA hospital, vizianagaram district Andhra Pradesh. The 60 primi gravida mothers who fulfilled the inclusive and exclusive criteria were selected for the study, out of which 30 mothers were experimental group and 30 of them control group and sample selected by using simple random sampling method by lottery method. Mother who came under group A lottery will come under the experimental group and mother who came under group B lottery will come under control group. After assessing the pre test level of maternal comfort, pain perception the investigator provided ambulation technique for experimental group. Ambulation is a slow walking for 15mts with the interval of 15mts assessment of each primi gravida mothers in experimental group. Routine hospital intervention for control group. After the third application the post test level of maternal comfort, pain perception and out come of labour was assessed by using maternal comfort as sessment tool and graphic rating scale and scored. The findings of the study revealed that the calculated t value was The t value of the level of maternal comfort between experimental and control group is8.13.The t value of the level of pain perception between experimental and control group is15.1. Thet value of the outcome of labour between experimental and control group is 8.63 which showed low statistical significant at (p

MANAGEMENT :: essays research papers

Building Blocks Known as the 4th largest standing natural gas distributor, Southern Union Gas serves nearly 1.5 million customers Nationally, and Internationally, for over 50 years. They have four divisions in the United States, which are: Ø Southern Union Gas in Texas. (Corporate Headquarters) Ø Missouri Gas in Missouri. Ø PG Energy in Pennsylvania. Ø New England Gas in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Focus: My focus for this report is the â€Å"building blocks† of the Management, and how it shapes the organizational functions of the Missouri division of Southern Union Gas. James H. Oglesby is the COO and President of the Missouri division. MGE (Missouri Gas) serves approximately 498,000 natural gas customers in central and western Missouri, including Kansas City, St. Joseph, Joplin and Monett. MGE has about 700 employees to serve its customers in 155 communities throughout Missouri. Before accepting the title of COO (Chief of Operations), he was Vice President of Operations. He was promoted to this position after being employed with the company for 34 Years. His effiecency and knowledge company has taken the organization to new heights. Objectives: James Oglesby’s objectives were to successfully achieve the critical mass needed to compete in a challenging, changing energy industry, and was successful in doing just that by offering electric and propane subsidiaries such as the newly opened PEI Power Corporation, a 25-megawatt co-generation plant which uses natural and methane gases to generate steam and electricity, to increase revenue and decrease competition. This compliments the already effective natural gas operations. In doing so annual revenue has increased to more than 10.8 million dollars just within the first quarter results. While continuing to strengthen the core operations, in Missouri, he focused on propelling the organization to the forefront of the gas industry, and amplified the focus on business growth. Of course this built value to shareholders, and created a notable reputation of safety and quality. Under new direction of new management, the Missouri division is expected to result in the annual addition of approximately 16.7 million in the next quarter, in pre-tax income to the company, due to new rates. The accomplishments of Oglesby show dedication to the rapid development, progression and outcome of Missouri Gas. Article: James H. Oglesby Named President and COO of Southern Union's MGE Division February 2002 (Newstream) -- Southern Union Company ("Southern Union") (NYSE: SUG) announces the promotion of James H. Oglesby to president and chief operating officer of its Missouri Gas Energy ("MGE") division. Oglesby joined MGE in 1968 as a service technician.